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 Home > Safe Guide > Tips for First Aid |
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|  First Aid for Airway |  | Partial airway obstruction |
|  | During breathing, induce the patient to continue to cough, and unless foreign substance is discharged even when the patient continues to have a cough, contact 119 immediately. |
| | Complete airway obstruction : When the patient is conscious |
| | When the patient is conscious and cannot cough during treatment for airway obstruction, conduct the Heimlich maneuver. Stand behind the patient, hold the patient's waist in his/her arms, and support one leg between the patient's legs. |
| | The helper should clench his/her fist. Let the thumb of the clenched hand lie on the middle of the navel and the xiphoid process. |
| | Cover the clenched hand with the other hand and rapidly push it up. |
| | Continue until the foreign substance comes out or the patient loses his/her consciousness. |
|  | | Complete airway obstruction : When the patient is not conscious |
| | >For an unconscious patient with complete airway obstruction, conduct CPR. | |
| Infant airway obstruction |
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Patients aged one year or less, or weighing 10kg or less even if he/she is 2 years old
1. Put the patient on your arm while the patient's face faces the right side, and hold the patient's head and the neck with your hands to fix them.
2. Then turn the patient's body with the other arm while the patient's face faces downward, and let the hand holding the jaw support the patient.
3. Successively pat the back between the patient's scapulas (shoulder bones) with the other palm of the other hand, 5 times successively.
4. Turn toward the front and put two fingers under one finger on both the nipple lines.
5. Repeat 5 times.
6. Eliminate foreign substances, if any, in the mouth.
7. Unless foreign substance is found, continue patting the back. |
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 CPR for Adults |
| See whether the patient remains conscious. |
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| Carefully shake the patient and ask the patient 'How do you feel- '. |
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| Seek help in a loud voice and contact 119. |
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| Simultaneously move the patient's head and body and lay down the patient on the solid and plane floor with the face turned up. |
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| Secure the airway. |
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| Pull back the head, hold up the jaw, and open the airway.
- Eliminate foreign substances, if any, in the throat and mouth. (Pay attention! Foreign substance may get stuck further when being removed.)
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| Lean closer to the patient's lips and observe the rising and falling of the chest.
- To check for breathing, observe breathing in 10 seconds. (see, hear, and feel)
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| Keep breathing. |
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| Administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if necessary while keeping the airway open.
- Plug the patient's nose then breathe into the mouth two times. The chest must rise, indicating that air is getting in.
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| See whether or not the patient's breathing is normal within 10 seconds, and unless there is breathing, it must be deemed that the heart stopped, so CPR is required.
- Unless there is normal breathing, breathe into the mouth 10~12 times per minute until the patient breathes for himself/herself. |
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| Chest compression and breathing |
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| When the heart stops, perform external chest compression by the following method.
- Put the center of the hand heel on the middle of the chest between both the nipples. Do not let the fingers touch the ribs.
- Cover the hand with the other hand.
- Stretch out the arms, push the patient's chest by 4~5cm vertically, and loosen.
- Compress the chest 30 times at a speed of 100 times per minute. Do not take the hands away from the chest during the process. |
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| Breathe in air two times by mouth-to-mouth respiration.
- Pull back the head, open the airway, and hold the nose.
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| Whenever the 30-time chest compression is finished, breathe in air two times, check breathing, cough, and movement after the first one minute and every five repetitions. |
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| When the patient starts to breathe, cough or move, immediately stop chest compression and check breathing.
- Unless the patient breathes, continue mouth-to-mouth resuscitation until the patient breathes for himself/herself.
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 CPR for Infants |
| Check the reaction. |
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| If spinal damage is suspected, do not move the infant unless otherwise necessary. |
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| Slightly pat the shoulders. |
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| Request for help by calling 119 or other persons nearby. |
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| If there is nobody, perform CPR for a minute and contact 119. |
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| Slowly take two breaths. |
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| Open the airway (pull back the head/raise the jaw). |
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| Plug the infant's nose and lips with the helper's lips. |
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| Slowly take two breaths. (1~1.5 seconds per time) |
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| If the helper fails to take the first breath, pull back the head again and slowly take two breaths. |
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| Pat the back 5 times. |
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| Put the thumb and the other fingers on the infant's jaw and hold the infants with a hand by supporting the head and the neck. |
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| Put the infant on your arm while his/her face faces downward. |
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| Place the head below the chest. |
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| Fix the arm holding the infant on the thigh. |
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| Pat the space between the infant's shoulder joints(scapulas) with the palm, 5 times. |
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| Push the chest 5 times. |
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| Support the infant's back head. |
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| Let the back face downward and put the infant between the arms. |
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| Place the head below the chest by supporting the infant's back. |
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| If the helper's body is small, put the arm holding the infant on the knee. |
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| Draw a virtual line between the nipples. |
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| Put three fingers on the sternum and move the third finger on the virtual line. |
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| Take off the third finger from the chest, and the V-shaped part is sensed at the end of the sternum, so move upward slightly. |
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| Put the index finger and the long finger on the sternum(the front breast bone), conduct CPR 5 times, but the speed must be slower compared to the standard CPR. |
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| When pushing the chest, do not remove the fingers from the chest. |
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| Eliminate foreign substances in the mouth. |
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| Hold up the infant's jaw and tongue with the thumb and the other fingers. |
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| When there is a foreign substance, sweep the inside of the mouth using the little finger. |
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| Bend the finger to sweep foreign substances, if any. |
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| Do not eliminate any untouched foreign substance by force. |
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| Make sure that the foreign substance does not get stuck further inside the mouth. |
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| Repetition |
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| Breathe slowly. |
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| Pat the back 5 times. |
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| Push the chest 5 times. |
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| Check for foreign substances in the mouth, and if it appears, directly using it finger. Repeat this process until the foreign substance is eliminated or an emergency service worker arrives. If there is nobody or unless the foreign substance is eliminated despite CPR for one minute, keep the infant and contact 119. |
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 Burns |
| People, mainly children, suffer a burn due to fire, hot steam, oil, water, kitchenware. |
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| Put the burnt part in cold flowing water for 10 minutes at least. |
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| Carefully remove a ring, a watch, a belt, etc. before an injury on the burn swells. (Do not remove the clothes.) |
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| The burnt part should be clean, and if possible, covered with a sterilized gauze. |
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| When the face is burnt, cover it with a porous gauze so that the patient can breathe. |
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| Do not puncture the blister or forcibly remove substances adhered to the burnt part. |
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| Do not apply lotion, ointment, or oil. |
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| Rapidly move the patient to the hospital. |
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 Prevention of Heat-induced Diseases |
| Drink water frequently even before feeling thirsty. |
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| Drink as much liquid as possible, except liquor. |
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| When drinking ion beverages, do not take salt separately. |
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| Put on a cap, avoid clothes that cover the neck, and wear loose clothes. |
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| Work during cool periods of the day, if possible. |
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| Heat cramp
- It mostly occurs during hot weather or after a severe exercise, affecting the hands, feet, and the abdomen by sweating and changing the electrolytes of the body. This sometimes lead to dizziness and fainting.
- Move the patient to a shady and cool place. If the patient remains conscious, let the patient drink ion beverage.
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| Sunstroke
- As the most prevalent among heat injuries, sunstroke occurs after exercising hard in a hot place or being exposed to the sunlight for a long time. It has the following symptoms: nausea, dizziness, headache, cramp, temporary fainting, etc.
- After moving the patient to a cool place, lay down the patient in a comfortable position and take off the clothes. Give the patient an ion beverage or some water. However, if the patient is not conscious, do not feed anything into his/her mouth.
- Sunstroke, in most cases, changes for the better when the patient is stabilized in a cool place, but not everyone feeling hot and losing consciousness is having a sunstroke. Therefore. make sure that any patient who is not conscious should be checked by a doctor. |
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| Heatstroke
- Although it does not frequently occur, heatstroke very dangerous unless it is treated. It frequently occurs during hard physical activity or in a closed space, and sometimes, in children in a closed vehicle. Patients have hot, dry, and red skin and may not sweat.
- Move the patient to a cool place, take off the clothes, cover with a wet towel or a blanket, fan, and most importantly, lower the body temperature. Move the patient to the hospital and administer medical treatment right away. |
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| The basic cause of heatstroke is higher core temperature than the surface of the body. That is, to lower the patient's body temperature with ice water will contract blood vessels on the surface of the body, making emission of body heat inefficient. Wipe with slightly cool water and let air in to help heat evaporate. |
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 Snake bite |
| Place the injured part below the breast, avoid folk remedies, seek help as soon as possible, and move the patient to a medical institution. |
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| First, move the patient to a safe place. |
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| Request for help by contacting 119 or 1339. |
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| Stabilize the patient and place the affected arm or leg below the chest. |
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| Wash the injury with soap and water. Soap may make the toxicant inactive. |
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| Conduct the following treatment within 15 minutes after the patient is bitten.
- Bind 10cm above the bitten part (closer to the heart) with a broad strap or clothe 2cm wide. Loosely bind it so that one finger passes without tightening it.
- If the hospital is far (1 hour or more), poison may be taken out with a vacuum inhaler or sucked out by another person. A person who has an injury in the mouth or a missing tooth should not suck out the poison. |
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| Carefully observe the patient and do not feed water or food. }
If the patient complains of dizziness, let the patient lie down and upon vomiting, let the body lean sideways.
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| Treatment not to be taken |
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| Do not cut the injury with a knife. It may damage blood vessels, nerves, etc. and what is worse, this would involve more risk of secondary infection or tetanus. |
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| Do not apply tobacco ashes, doenjang etc. to the injury. |
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| Do not try to catch the snake. |
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| Do not directly put ice on the injury. Cold pack may mitigate pain to some degree but it does not delay absorption of poison. It can also aggravate the injury. |
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 Bee Sting |
| Once a sting remains on the part stung, eliminate it with a needle or a knife. Otherwise, scratch with a credit card to eliminate it and then wash with soap and water to prevent secondary infection. |
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| Move the patient to a safe place and contact 119 or 1339. |
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| If a sting remains on the skin, push it out with a credit card. When using nippers, any remaining poison on the sting can be squeezed and pushed in. |
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| Wash the injury with soap and water, and if the pain is severe, wrap ice in a pouch (without directly contacting the skin) and apply it to the affected part. |
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| Upon an allergic reaction, move the patient to a hospital right away. The patient should lie down upright and should take anything in the mouth before an ambulance arrives. |
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 First Aid for Hyperventilation Syndrome |
| Pain occurs on the breast or cramp of the upper and lower limbs, and gasping for breath occurs. |
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| Once one of these symptoms occurs, lay the patient down upright and loosen the clothes. |
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| Induce the patient to slowly take a deep breath, and let the patient breathe in through the nose and slowly breathe out with the lips puckered up. |
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| If the symptom becomes more severe, put a plastic bag on the nose and lips and let the patient breathe again in it to the extent that the plastic bag is not too closely adhered. |
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| Use a light plastic bag so that the patient feels comfortable. Do not hold it too tightly, allowing the patient to breathe in a certain amount of the external air. |
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| Artificial respiration may be fatal to the patient. Therefore, carefully observe the symptom prior to giving first aid. |
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| Unless the symptom changes for the better, immediately contact 119 or a nearby hospital. |
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| ‘Hyperventilation syndrome’ is a feeling of tightness without reason, leading to an excited condition, and sometimes, fainting. With excessive respiration, CO2 in the body excessively gets out of the body. The main causes for this syndrome are a feeling of uneasiness, stress etc. This particularly occurs in sensitive women. |
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 Medicines for Home Medical Care |
| Consult with the pharmacist and equip your home with necessary first-aid medicines. |
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 Learn First Aid in Advance. |
| Poor first-aid method may aggravate the wounded
- You can easily learn about first aid in a nearby specialized institution such as local fire station, National Fire Service Academy, or local fire service academy(Seoul, Busan, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Gyeongbuk). |
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| Fire Departments & Fire Service Academies |
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| Category |
Tel |
Homepage |
Remarks |
| Seoul Metropolitan Fire and Disaster Management Department |
02-3706-1723 |
fire.seoul.kr |
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| Busan Fire Department |
051-760-3112 |
119.busan.go.kr |
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| Daegu Fire Department |
053-350-4056 |
119.daegu.go.kr |
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| Incheon Metropolitan Fire |
032-870-3113 |
119.incheon.go.kr |
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| Gwangju Metropolitan Fire |
062-613-8133 |
www.fire119.gjcity.net |
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| Daejeon Fire Department |
042-600-5192 |
www.dj119.go.kr |
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| Ulsan Fire Department |
052-275-6119 |
fire.ulsan.go.k |
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| Gyeonggi Provincial Fire and Disaster Headquarters |
031-230-2933 |
www.fire.gyeonggi.kr |
Southern Gyeonggi area |
| Gyeonggi Provincial 2nd Fire and Disaster Headquarters |
031-849-2942 |
2ndfire.gyeonggi.kr |
Northern Gyeonggi area |
| Gangwon Fire Headquarters |
033-249-5132 |
fire.provin.gangwon.kr |
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| Chungbuk Fire Headquarters |
043-710-7243 |
www.cb119.net |
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| Chungnam Fire Service Headquarters |
042-220-3723 |
www.cn119.go.kr |
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| Jeonbuk Fire Service |
063-280-3852 |
www.sobang.kr |
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| Jeonnam Fire Department |
061-286-0882 |
www.jnsobang.go.kr |
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| Gyeongbuk Fire Service Headquarters |
053-950-2566 |
www.gb119.go.kr |
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| Gyeongsangnam-do Fire Department |
055-211-5387 |
www.gnfire.go.kr |
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| Jeju Fire & Disaster Management Department |
064-710-3533 |
www.jeju119.go.kr |
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| National Fire Service Academy |
041-550-0994 |
www.fire.or.kr |
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| Seoul Fire Service Academy |
02-3491-4119 |
www.fire.seoul.kr/~school |
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| Busan Fire Service Academy |
051-760-5960 |
edu119.busan.go.kr |
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| Gwangju Fire Service Academy |
062-943-6033 |
fa.gjcity.net/index.jsp |
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| Gyeonggi Fire Service Academy |
031-329-0331 |
www.fire.sc.kr |
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| Chungcheong Fire Service Academy |
041-554-5503 |
academy.cn119.go.kr |
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| Gyeongbuk Fire Service Academy |
054-822-6123 |
www.gfa.go.kr |
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| Seoul Citizen Safety Training Center |
02-2049-4012 |
safe119.seoul.go.kr |
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Information : Administrative Management Division / Hyun-jin Choi / 02-2100-5128